objectives
1. Explain the technologies used for employee monitoring
2. Evaluate the effectiveness of teleworking
3. Evaluate the policies needed to regulate IT in the workplace
4. Discuss appropriate web design and e-commerce techniques
5. Discuss e-marketing techniques
6. Explain how IT can be used in the transportation industry
2. Evaluate the effectiveness of teleworking
3. Evaluate the policies needed to regulate IT in the workplace
4. Discuss appropriate web design and e-commerce techniques
5. Discuss e-marketing techniques
6. Explain how IT can be used in the transportation industry
Glossary
Business and employment
What is deskilling and what is reskilling? (Alec)
Deskilling is the process by which skill labour within an industry or economy is eliminated by the introduction of technologies operated by semiskilled or unskilled workers. Reskilling is to train workers to acquire new or improved skills.
What is the difference between internet, intranet, extranet? (Megan)
Intranet is shared content accessed by members within a single organization. Extranet is shared content accessed by groups through cross-enterprise boundaries. Internet is global communication accessed through the Web. see ( http://img.bhs4.com/25/7/257fc8dbd5b434d3eb1764d8628bd1f75efb6158_large.jpg) for a image explaining it
Electronic [[#|Funds Transfer]] (eftpos) how does it work? (Lottie)
Customer has to swipe debit card or credit card, then enter the PIN number. Cash must be manually counted by the cashier at the POS, counted again when the register is balanced out, and finally collected by an armed service or personally deposited. Money is wired directly into the retailer’s [[#|bank account]].
Automated Teller machines (ATMs) who do they work? What happens if you don't take your money out in time? (Josh)
Electonic Fraud - how does it occur, what measures are available to prevent it? (Luka)
Purchase fraud occurs when a criminal approaches a merchant and proposes a business transaction, and then uses fraudulent means to pay for it, such as a stolen or fake credit card. As a result, merchants do not get paid for the sale. Merchants who accept credit cards may receive a chargeback for the transaction and lose money as a result.
Online automotive fraud
A fraudster posts a nonexistent vehicle for sale to a website, typically a luxury or sports car, advertised for well below its market value. The details of the vehicle, including photos and description, are typically lifted from sites such as craigslist, autotrader, cars.com or Autoscout24. An interested buyer, hopeful for a bargain, emails the fraudster, who responds saying the car is still available but is located overseas. Or, the scammer will say that he is out of the country but the car is with a shipping company. The scam artist then instructs the victim to send a deposit or full payment via wire transfer to initiate the "shipping" process. To make the transaction seem more legitimate, the fraudster will ask the buyer to send money to a fake agent of a third party that offers purchase protection. The unwitting victims wire the funds, and subsequently discover they have been scammed.
How to prevent it?
Never, Ever Click a Link to Your Bank or Financial Institution From an Email.
Do Not Buy Anything from an Email You Didn't Ask For.
Watch Out for Job Postings That Look Too Good.
I found more good prevention advices on a website
http://lifehacker.com/5420356/the-complete-guide-to-avoiding-online-scams-for-your-less-savvy-friends-and-relatives
IT in supermarkets - what systems are available there? (Sophie)
IT systems are used in a variety of ways in the modern, large supermarket, from stock control to maintaining temperatures in fridges and freezers. The supermarket uses several computers which are located in a room known as the system office and form the supermarkets own Local Area Network. These computers are used to control the stock and are connected to the checkouts. These are the 'branch computers'. The computers are multifunctional, and each can access the data, which gives the management a number of access points.
Admin and stock control staff now have access to hand held computers, SEC (Shelf Edge Computers). These are used for price changes, creating stock pictures (information on stock totals) and for forecasting deliveries. Like many companies, they have experimented with giving customers hand held scanners to enter their own shopping. The experiment has been discontinued due to huge stock losses, staff called them ‘Shop and Rob’ rather than ‘Shop and Go’. The company is currently looking at developing a better system to get round these problems.
Located at each checkout is an ELECTRONIC POINT OF SALE. This comprises a keyboard, a digital display, a scanner which reads bar codes, a set of scales, a printer, a credit / debit card reader and a till drawer. Each till also has its own base to which all of the above is attached. It is the base unit which is connected by cables to the branch [[#|computer]] in the supermarket's system office. Each product to be sold must have an identifying code number which is different from that of every other product. Different sizes of the same product even need different code numbers. These code numbers are printed onto the labels or packaging of the product in the form of bar codes.
After the supermarket has closed at the end of the day, the following happens :
1) The branch computer sends the details of every individual sale to the main computer at the Head Office.
2) Using this information, the main computer system updates its record of the number in stock of every item in the store. The SEC allows managers to get a real time stock picture and allows a manager to escalate stock deliveries from nothing to 72 hours to 48 hours. It also gives a better picture of stock losses and improves the service the shop can give its customers
3) Using a forecast of sales along with other factors (such as the weather and the time of the year etc. ) the system automatically orders the correct amount of stock required by the store for the next available delivery 48 or 72 hours ahead.
4) The main computer also transmits these orders to computers in the distribution centres (large warehouses storing products ready for delivery to stores ) across the satellite link.
5) These distribution centres then deliver the required stock to the stores immediately.
6) Price changes and prices of new products, special offers etc. are sent back to branch computer in the supermarket.
7) New shelf labels are printed and the night staff of the supermarket place these on the shelves ready for the following day.
POS (Point of sales system) - what is it? (Cheng-xi)
The term is applicable to a retail shop or store, the checkout/cashier counter in the store, or a location where such transactions can occur in this type of environment. It can also apply to the actual Point of Sale (POS) Hardware & Software including.Point of Sale Systems are utilized in many different industries, ranging from restaurants, hotels & hospitality businesses, nail/beauty salons, [[#|casinos]], stadiums, and the retail environments. In the most basic sense, if something can be exchanged for monetary value - a Point of Sale System can be used.
Loyalty or reward cards - how do they work? (Mei)
Details of loyalty points and the point-gaining transactions are captured by a stand-alone card terminal and transferred to a PC or backend server for further analysis. The application software maintains a complete database of all customers' reward suppliers.
Self checkout - what is the IT system involved? (Taina)
Self-scanning checkout, also called "self-checkout" is an automated process that enables shoppers to scan, bag, and pay for their purchases without human assistance. Typically, a self-scanning checkout lane looks very much like a traditional checkout lane except that the shopper interacts with a computer's user interface (UI) instead of with a store employee.
The shopper begins the checkout process by touching the computer's welcome screen or, with some systems, by simply beginning to scan items. Once the checkout has been initiated by the shopper, the computer's animated voice provides the shopper with step-by-step instructions about how to scan their items and where to place them once they've been scanned.
NCR's FastLane™ self-checkout is illustrated here.
When the shopper scans an item, the item's barcode provides the computer with the information it needs to determine what item is being scanned, as well as the item's weight and current price. If the store uses security tags, the system can also deactivate them during the scanning process. If the security tag is not deactivated, an alarm system sounds when the shopper leaves the store.
When the computer's animated voice directs the shopper to place the scanned item in a waiting shopping bag, the item is really being placed on a security scale.If you tried to fool the system by scanning a candy bar and putting a roast beef in your bag instead, the system would tell you to remove the item and scan it again. At the same time, the system would alert a cashier supervisor to pay attention to what was going on at that particular checkout stand. Typically, there is a cashier supervisor for every four self-scanning stations.
Depending on the system, payment at a self-scanning checkout can be made by debit card, credit card, or cash.
Smart trolleys or baskets - how do they work (walking through a gate and everything is scanned....) (Mei)
When people are walking through near an article of food or any other things, they are sccaned and computer show or help to custumer what did they bought or what do they need for them on the list. So in detail, assists shoppers, delivers targeted communication at the point of purchase , and streamlines store operation.
E-commerce - what is it? (Taina)
E-commerce is a way for any size of organisation to do business over the internet, selling products or services, taking payments and providing customer support.
Electronic Storefront? (Cheng-xi)
An electronic storefront is an e-commerce solution for merchants who want to host a website that advertises their products or services and for which consumer transactions are generated online. Various software applications are available to merchants, which range from electronic shopping carts to secure payment gateways. Merchants that lack e-commerce technical skills find that storefront vendors are especially helpful when starting out or maintaining their online stores.
M-commerce (Mobile commerce) (Luka)
The use of wireless handheld devices such as cellular phones and laptops to conduct commercial transactions online. Mobile commerce transactions continues to grow, and the term includes the purchase and sale of a wide range of goods and services, online banking, bill payment, information delivery and so on. Also known as m-commerce.
Sending credit card details - how to do it, privacy, security (Josh)
Payment gateways like PayPal - how does it work? (Alec)
A payment gateway facilitates the transfer of information between a payment portal (such as a website, mobile phone or IVR service) and the Front End Processor or acquiring bank. When a customer orders a product from a payment gateway-enabled merchant, the payment gateway performs a variety of tasks to process the transaction
Digital certificates - what are they? (Sophie)
Digital ID also known as a digital certificate is a form of electronic credentials for the Internet. Digital certificate is issued by a trusted third party to establish the identity of the ID holder. The third party who issues certificates is known as a Certification Authority (CA). The CA makes its own public key readily available through print publicity or perhaps on the internet. An attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes. The most common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply.Digital certificate technology is based on the theory of public key cryptography. In public key cryptography systems, every entity has two complementary keys, a public key and private key, which function only when they are placed together. The purpose of a Digital ID is to reliably link a public/private key pair with its owner. When a CA issues Digital IDs, it verifies that the owner is not claiming a false identity. The most widely used standard for digital certificates is X.509.
Ebay - what is good/bad about it? (Megan and Lottie)
Good things:
Bad things:
Scam: Where the people pay for their items online and transfer the money but the item never arrives and there is no way of getting into contact with the sender because they deleted it. The sender hast he money and the item and doesn't send it. Then there are also items that might be labelled "Real" for example a expensive real chanel bag and then the buyer gets the product and then it turns out it is fake, used. Also to watch out what happens with the information that get's send to sender because they need to know personal information.
Websites like ebay: Craigslist, Amazon, Yahoo Auctions, livedeal, ebid, ect. There are a lot of websites in the web but the issue is that if you can trust the websites or not.
http://www.glogster.com/lottiejs/ad-blockers/g-6l4u2t8tbjtncqm3e6gj1a0
Deskilling is the process by which skill labour within an industry or economy is eliminated by the introduction of technologies operated by semiskilled or unskilled workers. Reskilling is to train workers to acquire new or improved skills.
What is the difference between internet, intranet, extranet? (Megan)
Intranet is shared content accessed by members within a single organization. Extranet is shared content accessed by groups through cross-enterprise boundaries. Internet is global communication accessed through the Web. see ( http://img.bhs4.com/25/7/257fc8dbd5b434d3eb1764d8628bd1f75efb6158_large.jpg) for a image explaining it
Electronic [[#|Funds Transfer]] (eftpos) how does it work? (Lottie)
Customer has to swipe debit card or credit card, then enter the PIN number. Cash must be manually counted by the cashier at the POS, counted again when the register is balanced out, and finally collected by an armed service or personally deposited. Money is wired directly into the retailer’s [[#|bank account]].
Automated Teller machines (ATMs) who do they work? What happens if you don't take your money out in time? (Josh)
Electonic Fraud - how does it occur, what measures are available to prevent it? (Luka)
Purchase fraud occurs when a criminal approaches a merchant and proposes a business transaction, and then uses fraudulent means to pay for it, such as a stolen or fake credit card. As a result, merchants do not get paid for the sale. Merchants who accept credit cards may receive a chargeback for the transaction and lose money as a result.
Online automotive fraud
A fraudster posts a nonexistent vehicle for sale to a website, typically a luxury or sports car, advertised for well below its market value. The details of the vehicle, including photos and description, are typically lifted from sites such as craigslist, autotrader, cars.com or Autoscout24. An interested buyer, hopeful for a bargain, emails the fraudster, who responds saying the car is still available but is located overseas. Or, the scammer will say that he is out of the country but the car is with a shipping company. The scam artist then instructs the victim to send a deposit or full payment via wire transfer to initiate the "shipping" process. To make the transaction seem more legitimate, the fraudster will ask the buyer to send money to a fake agent of a third party that offers purchase protection. The unwitting victims wire the funds, and subsequently discover they have been scammed.
How to prevent it?
Never, Ever Click a Link to Your Bank or Financial Institution From an Email.
Do Not Buy Anything from an Email You Didn't Ask For.
Watch Out for Job Postings That Look Too Good.
I found more good prevention advices on a website
http://lifehacker.com/5420356/the-complete-guide-to-avoiding-online-scams-for-your-less-savvy-friends-and-relatives
IT in supermarkets - what systems are available there? (Sophie)
IT systems are used in a variety of ways in the modern, large supermarket, from stock control to maintaining temperatures in fridges and freezers. The supermarket uses several computers which are located in a room known as the system office and form the supermarkets own Local Area Network. These computers are used to control the stock and are connected to the checkouts. These are the 'branch computers'. The computers are multifunctional, and each can access the data, which gives the management a number of access points.
Admin and stock control staff now have access to hand held computers, SEC (Shelf Edge Computers). These are used for price changes, creating stock pictures (information on stock totals) and for forecasting deliveries. Like many companies, they have experimented with giving customers hand held scanners to enter their own shopping. The experiment has been discontinued due to huge stock losses, staff called them ‘Shop and Rob’ rather than ‘Shop and Go’. The company is currently looking at developing a better system to get round these problems.
Located at each checkout is an ELECTRONIC POINT OF SALE. This comprises a keyboard, a digital display, a scanner which reads bar codes, a set of scales, a printer, a credit / debit card reader and a till drawer. Each till also has its own base to which all of the above is attached. It is the base unit which is connected by cables to the branch [[#|computer]] in the supermarket's system office. Each product to be sold must have an identifying code number which is different from that of every other product. Different sizes of the same product even need different code numbers. These code numbers are printed onto the labels or packaging of the product in the form of bar codes.
After the supermarket has closed at the end of the day, the following happens :
1) The branch computer sends the details of every individual sale to the main computer at the Head Office.
2) Using this information, the main computer system updates its record of the number in stock of every item in the store. The SEC allows managers to get a real time stock picture and allows a manager to escalate stock deliveries from nothing to 72 hours to 48 hours. It also gives a better picture of stock losses and improves the service the shop can give its customers
3) Using a forecast of sales along with other factors (such as the weather and the time of the year etc. ) the system automatically orders the correct amount of stock required by the store for the next available delivery 48 or 72 hours ahead.
4) The main computer also transmits these orders to computers in the distribution centres (large warehouses storing products ready for delivery to stores ) across the satellite link.
5) These distribution centres then deliver the required stock to the stores immediately.
6) Price changes and prices of new products, special offers etc. are sent back to branch computer in the supermarket.
7) New shelf labels are printed and the night staff of the supermarket place these on the shelves ready for the following day.
POS (Point of sales system) - what is it? (Cheng-xi)
The term is applicable to a retail shop or store, the checkout/cashier counter in the store, or a location where such transactions can occur in this type of environment. It can also apply to the actual Point of Sale (POS) Hardware & Software including.Point of Sale Systems are utilized in many different industries, ranging from restaurants, hotels & hospitality businesses, nail/beauty salons, [[#|casinos]], stadiums, and the retail environments. In the most basic sense, if something can be exchanged for monetary value - a Point of Sale System can be used.
Loyalty or reward cards - how do they work? (Mei)
Details of loyalty points and the point-gaining transactions are captured by a stand-alone card terminal and transferred to a PC or backend server for further analysis. The application software maintains a complete database of all customers' reward suppliers.
Self checkout - what is the IT system involved? (Taina)
Self-scanning checkout, also called "self-checkout" is an automated process that enables shoppers to scan, bag, and pay for their purchases without human assistance. Typically, a self-scanning checkout lane looks very much like a traditional checkout lane except that the shopper interacts with a computer's user interface (UI) instead of with a store employee.
The shopper begins the checkout process by touching the computer's welcome screen or, with some systems, by simply beginning to scan items. Once the checkout has been initiated by the shopper, the computer's animated voice provides the shopper with step-by-step instructions about how to scan their items and where to place them once they've been scanned.
NCR's FastLane™ self-checkout is illustrated here.
When the shopper scans an item, the item's barcode provides the computer with the information it needs to determine what item is being scanned, as well as the item's weight and current price. If the store uses security tags, the system can also deactivate them during the scanning process. If the security tag is not deactivated, an alarm system sounds when the shopper leaves the store.
When the computer's animated voice directs the shopper to place the scanned item in a waiting shopping bag, the item is really being placed on a security scale.If you tried to fool the system by scanning a candy bar and putting a roast beef in your bag instead, the system would tell you to remove the item and scan it again. At the same time, the system would alert a cashier supervisor to pay attention to what was going on at that particular checkout stand. Typically, there is a cashier supervisor for every four self-scanning stations.
Depending on the system, payment at a self-scanning checkout can be made by debit card, credit card, or cash.
Smart trolleys or baskets - how do they work (walking through a gate and everything is scanned....) (Mei)
When people are walking through near an article of food or any other things, they are sccaned and computer show or help to custumer what did they bought or what do they need for them on the list. So in detail, assists shoppers, delivers targeted communication at the point of purchase , and streamlines store operation.
E-commerce - what is it? (Taina)
E-commerce is a way for any size of organisation to do business over the internet, selling products or services, taking payments and providing customer support.
Electronic Storefront? (Cheng-xi)
An electronic storefront is an e-commerce solution for merchants who want to host a website that advertises their products or services and for which consumer transactions are generated online. Various software applications are available to merchants, which range from electronic shopping carts to secure payment gateways. Merchants that lack e-commerce technical skills find that storefront vendors are especially helpful when starting out or maintaining their online stores.
M-commerce (Mobile commerce) (Luka)
The use of wireless handheld devices such as cellular phones and laptops to conduct commercial transactions online. Mobile commerce transactions continues to grow, and the term includes the purchase and sale of a wide range of goods and services, online banking, bill payment, information delivery and so on. Also known as m-commerce.
Sending credit card details - how to do it, privacy, security (Josh)
Payment gateways like PayPal - how does it work? (Alec)
A payment gateway facilitates the transfer of information between a payment portal (such as a website, mobile phone or IVR service) and the Front End Processor or acquiring bank. When a customer orders a product from a payment gateway-enabled merchant, the payment gateway performs a variety of tasks to process the transaction
- A customer places order on website by pressing the 'Submit Order' or equivalent button, or perhaps enters their card details using an automatic phone answering service.
- If the order is via a website, the customer's web browser encrypts the information to be sent between the browser and the merchant's webserver. In between other methods, this may be done via SSL(Secure Socket Layer) encryption.
- The merchant then forwards the transaction details to their payment gateway. This is another (SSL) encrypted connection to the payment server hosted by the payment gateway.
- The payment gateway forwards the transaction information to the payment processor used by the merchant's acquiring bank.
- The payment processor forwards the transaction information to the card association(e.g., Visa/MasterCard)
- If an American Express or Discover Card was used, then the processor acts as the issuing bankand directly provides a response of approved or declined to the payment gateway.
- Otherwise [eg: a Mastercard or Visa card was used], the card association routes the transaction to the correct card issuing bank.
- The credit card issuing bank receives the authorization request and does fraud and credit or debit checks and then sends a response back to the processor (via the same process as the request for authorization) with a response code [eg: approved, denied]. In addition to communicating the fate of the authorization request, the response code is used to define the reason why the transaction failed (such as insufficient funds, or bank link not available). Meanwhile, the credit card issuer holds an authorization associated with that merchant and consumer for the approved amount. This can impact the consumer's ability to further spend (eg: because it reduces the line of credit available or because it puts a hold on a portion of the funds in a debit account).
- The processor forwards the authorization response to the payment gateway.
- The payment gateway receives the response, and forwards it on to the website (or whatever interface was used to process the payment) where it is interpreted as a relevant response then relayed back to the merchant and cardholder. This is known as the Authorization or "Auth"
- The entire process typically takes 2–3 seconds.
- The merchant then fulfills the order and the above process is repeated but this time to "Clear" the authorization by consummating the transaction. Typically the "Clear" is initiated only after the merchant has fulfilled the transaction (eg: shipped the order). This results in the issuing bank 'clearing' the 'auth' (ie: moves auth-hold to a debit) and prepares them to settle with the merchant acquiring bank.
- The merchant submits all their approved authorizations, in a "batch" (eg: end of day), to their acquiring bankfor settlement via its processor.
- The acquiring bank makes the batch settlement request of the credit card issuer.
- The credit card issuer makes a settlement payment to the acquiring bank (eg: the next day)
- The acquiring banksubsequently deposits the total of the approved funds in to the merchant's nominated account (eg: the day after). This could be an account with the acquiring bank if the merchant does their banking with the same bank, or an account with another bank.
- The entire process from authorization to settlement to funding typically takes 3 days
Digital certificates - what are they? (Sophie)
Digital ID also known as a digital certificate is a form of electronic credentials for the Internet. Digital certificate is issued by a trusted third party to establish the identity of the ID holder. The third party who issues certificates is known as a Certification Authority (CA). The CA makes its own public key readily available through print publicity or perhaps on the internet. An attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes. The most common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply.Digital certificate technology is based on the theory of public key cryptography. In public key cryptography systems, every entity has two complementary keys, a public key and private key, which function only when they are placed together. The purpose of a Digital ID is to reliably link a public/private key pair with its owner. When a CA issues Digital IDs, it verifies that the owner is not claiming a false identity. The most widely used standard for digital certificates is X.509.
Ebay - what is good/bad about it? (Megan and Lottie)
Good things:
- You would be able to sell highly visited environment and your chance on selling the item is very high.
- wide range of products
- easy to use and browse
- eBay was founded in Pierre Omidyar's San Jose living room back in September 1995. It was from the start meant to be a marketplace for the sale of goods and services for individuals.
Bad things:
Scam: Where the people pay for their items online and transfer the money but the item never arrives and there is no way of getting into contact with the sender because they deleted it. The sender hast he money and the item and doesn't send it. Then there are also items that might be labelled "Real" for example a expensive real chanel bag and then the buyer gets the product and then it turns out it is fake, used. Also to watch out what happens with the information that get's send to sender because they need to know personal information.
Websites like ebay: Craigslist, Amazon, Yahoo Auctions, livedeal, ebid, ect. There are a lot of websites in the web but the issue is that if you can trust the websites or not.
http://www.glogster.com/lottiejs/ad-blockers/g-6l4u2t8tbjtncqm3e6gj1a0